#lang scribble/manual @(require (for-label racket)) @title{Pen} Draw custom graphics@section{categories} GUI>Accessories @section{related} Classes/QPenPrinter @section{description} A class which allows you to draw custom graphics on a UserView or Window. The following methods must be called within a link::Classes/Window#-drawFunc:: or a link::Classes/UserView#-drawFunc:: function, and will only be visible once the window or the view is refreshed. Each call to link::Classes/Window#-refresh:: or link::Classes/UserView#-refresh:: will 'overwrite' all previous drawing by executing the currently defined function, unless link::Classes/UserView#-clearOnRefresh:: is set to @racketblock[false:: ] @section{classmethods} @section{private} key @section{subsection} Construct path The following methods define paths. You will need to call link::#*stroke:: or link::#*fill:: to actually draw them. @section{method} moveTo Move the Pen to point. @section{argument} point An instance of link::Classes/Point:: @section{method} lineTo Draw a line (define a path) from the current position to point. @section{argument} point An instance of link::Classes/Point:: @section{method} line Draw a line (define a path) from p1 to p2. Current position will be p2. @section{argument} p1 An instance of link::Classes/Point:: @section{argument} p2 An instance of link::Classes/Point:: @section{method} curveTo Draws a cubic bezier curve from the current position to point. strong::cpoint1:: and strong::cpoint2:: are control points determining the curve's curvature. @section{argument} endPoint An instance of link::Classes/Point:: @section{argument} cPoint1 An instance of link::Classes/Point:: @section{argument} cPoint2 An instance of link::Classes/Point:: @section{method} quadCurveTo Draws a quad bezier curve from the current position to point. strong::cpoint:: is a control point determining the curve's curvature. @section{argument} endPoint An instance of link::Classes/Point:: @section{argument} cPoint An instance of link::Classes/Point:: @section{method} arcTo Draws an arc of a circle using a radius and tangent points. @section{argument} point1 The end point of the first tangent line. Its start point is the current position. An instance of link::Classes/Point:: @section{argument} point2 The end point of the second tangent line. Its start point is point1. An instance of link::Classes/Point:: @section{argument} radius The radius of the arc. @section{discussion} example: @racketblock[ ( var w = Window("arcTo", Rect(100, 200, 300, 300)).front; var r= 15; w.drawFunc = { |v| Pen.fillColor = Color.blue; Pen.strokeColor = Color.red; Pen.moveTo(150@150); Pen.arcTo(200@150, 200@225, r); Pen.arcTo(200@225, 100@225, r); Pen.arcTo(100@225, 100@150, r); Pen.arcTo(100@150, 150@150, r); Pen.lineTo(150@150); Pen.fillStroke; }; ) :: ] @section{method} addArc Draw an arc around the link::Classes/Point:: strong::center::, at strong::radius:: number of pixels. strong::startAngle:: and strong::arcAngle:: refer to the starting angle and the extent of the arc, and are in radians [0..2pi]. @section{discussion} example: @racketblock[ ( w = Window.new.front; w.view.background_(Color.white); w.drawFunc = { Pen.translate(100, 100); 10.do{ // set the Color Pen.color = Color.red(rrand(0.0, 1), rrand(0.0, 0.5)); Pen.addArc((100.rand)@(100.rand), rrand(10, 100), 2pi.rand, pi); Pen.perform([\stroke, \fill].choose); } }; w.refresh; ) :: ] @section{method} addWedge Draw a wedge around the link::Classes/Point:: strong::center::, at strong::radius:: number of pixels. strong::startAngle:: and strong::sweepLength:: refer to the starting angle and the extent of the arc, and are in radians [0..2pi]. @section{discussion} example: @racketblock[ ( w = Window.new.front; w.view.background_(Color.white); w.drawFunc = { Pen.translate(100, 100); 10.do{ // set the Color Pen.color = Color.blue(rrand(0.0, 1), rrand(0.0, 0.5)); Pen.addWedge((100.rand)@(100.rand), rrand(10, 100), 2pi.rand, 2pi.rand); Pen.perform([\stroke, \fill].choose); } }; w.refresh; ) :: ] @section{method} addAnnularWedge Draw an annular wedge around the link::Classes/Point:: strong::center::, from strong::innerRadius:: to strong::outerRadius:: in pixels. strong::startAngle:: and strong::sweepLength:: refer to the starting angle and the extent of the arc, and are in radians [0..2pi]. @section{discussion} example: @racketblock[ ( w = Window.new.front; w.view.background_(Color.white); w.drawFunc = { Pen.translate(100, 100); 1000.do{ // set the Color Pen.color = Color.green(rrand(0.0, 1), rrand(0.0, 0.5)); Pen.addAnnularWedge( (100.rand)@(100.rand), rrand(10, 50), rrand(51, 100), 2pi.rand, 2pi.rand ); Pen.perform([\stroke, \fill].choose); } }; w.refresh; ) :: ] @section{method} addRect Adds a link::Classes/Rect:: to the drawing. @section{discussion} example: @racketblock[ ( w = Window.new.front; w.view.background_(Color.white); w.drawFunc = { 80.do{ // set the Color Pen.color = Color.green(rrand(0.0, 1), rrand(0.0, 0.5)); Pen.addRect( Rect(20, 20, (w.bounds.width-40).rand, (w.bounds.height-40).rand) ); Pen.perform([\stroke, \fill].choose); } }; w.refresh; ) :: ] @section{method} addOval Adds an Oval shape that fits inside the link::Classes/Rect:: to the current path. @section{subsection} Draw the path @section{method} stroke Outline the previous defined path. @section{discussion} example: @racketblock[ ( w = Window.new.front; w.view.background_(Color.white); w.drawFunc = { // set the Color Pen.strokeColor = Color.red; Pen.moveTo(200@100); Pen.lineTo(250@200); Pen.lineTo(300@200); Pen.lineTo(200@250); Pen.lineTo(100@200); Pen.lineTo(150@200); Pen.lineTo(200@100); Pen.stroke }; w.refresh; ) :: ] @section{method} fill Fill the previous defined path. @section{discussion} example: @racketblock[ ( w = Window.new.front; w.view.background_(Color.white); w.drawFunc = { // set the Color Pen.fillColor = Color.red; Pen.moveTo(200@100); Pen.lineTo(250@200); Pen.lineTo(300@200); Pen.lineTo(200@250); Pen.lineTo(100@200); Pen.lineTo(150@200); Pen.lineTo(200@100); Pen.fill }; w.refresh; ) :: ] @section{method} draw Draw the previous defined path using any of the following options: @section{argument} style @section{table} ## 0 || fill ## 1 || fill using even-odd rule ## 2 || stroke ## 3 || fill and stroke the current path ## 4 || fill and stroke using even-odd rule :: @section{discussion} example: @racketblock[ ( w = Window.new.front; w.view.background_(Color.white); w.drawFunc = { // set the Color Pen.fillColor = Color.red; Pen.moveTo(200@100); Pen.lineTo(250@200); Pen.lineTo(300@200); Pen.lineTo(200@250); Pen.lineTo(100@200); Pen.lineTo(150@200); Pen.lineTo(200@100); Pen.draw(4); // fill and then stroke }; w.refresh; ) :: ] @section{method} fillStroke Fill and stroke the current path. Shortcut to the draw(3) method. @section{subsection} Construct and draw These methods do not require separate calls to link::#*stroke:: or link::#*fill::. @section{method} strokeRect Strokes a link::Classes/Rect:: into the window. @section{method} fillRect Draws a filled link::Classes/Rect:: into the window. @section{method} strokeOval Strokes an oval into the window. @section{method} fillOval Draws a filled oval into the window. @section{subsection} Gradients @section{method} fillAxialGradient Fills an Axial gradient. @section{discussion} example: @racketblock[ ( w = Window.new.front; w.drawFunc = { // fill the gradient Pen.addRect(w.view.bounds.insetBy(30)); Pen.fillAxialGradient(w.view.bounds.leftTop, w.view.bounds.rightBottom, Color.rand, Color.rand); }; w.refresh; ) :: ] @section{method} fillRadialGradient Fills a Radial gradient. @section{discussion} example: @racketblock[ ( w = Window.new.front; w.drawFunc = { // fill the gradient Pen.addOval(w.view.bounds.insetBy(30)); Pen.fillRadialGradient(w.view.bounds.center, w.view.bounds.center, 0, w.bounds.width, Color.rand, Color.rand); }; w.refresh; ) :: ] @section{subsection} Graphics State Methods The following commands transform the graphics state, i.e. they effect all subsequent drawing commands. These transformations are cumulative, i.e. each command applies to the previous graphics state, not the original one. @section{method} translate Translate the coordinate system to have its origin moved by x,y @section{discussion} example: @racketblock[ ( w = Window.new.front; w.view.background_(Color.white); w.drawFunc = { Pen.strokeColor = Color.blue; Pen.translate(200,100); // 0@0 is now 200@100 Pen.moveTo(0@0); Pen.lineTo(50@100); Pen.lineTo(100@100); Pen.lineTo(0@150); Pen.lineTo(-100@100); Pen.lineTo(-50@100); Pen.lineTo(0@0); Pen.stroke }; w.refresh; ) :: Cumulative translations: ] @racketblock[ ( w = Window.new.front; w.view.background_(Color.clear); w.drawFunc = { Pen.strokeColor = Color.black; 35.do { // draw 35 lines Pen.moveTo(0@0); Pen.lineTo(50@350); Pen.translate(10, 0); // shift 10 to the right every time Pen.stroke } }; w.refresh; ) :: ] @section{method} scale Scales subsequent drawing. x and y are scaling factors (i.e. 1 is normal, 2 is double size, etc.). @section{discussion} example: @racketblock[ ( w = Window.new.front; w.view.background_(Color.white); w.drawFunc = { Pen.strokeColor = Color.green; Pen.translate(200,100); Pen.scale(0.5, 2); Pen.moveTo(0@0); // you have to set a starting point... Pen.lineTo(50@100); Pen.lineTo(100@100); Pen.lineTo(0@150); Pen.lineTo(-100@100); Pen.lineTo(-50@100); Pen.lineTo(0@0); Pen.stroke }; w.refresh; ) :: ] @section{method} skew Skews subsequent drawing. x and y are skewing factors (i.e. 1 is normal). @section{discussion} example: @racketblock[ ( w = Window.new.front; w.view.background_(Color.white); w.drawFunc = { Pen.fillColor = Color.green(0.5, 0.8); Pen.translate(200,100); Pen.skew(0.5, 0.2); Pen.moveTo(0@0); // you have to set a starting point... Pen.lineTo(50@100); Pen.lineTo(100@100); Pen.lineTo(0@150); Pen.lineTo(-100@100); Pen.lineTo(-50@100); Pen.lineTo(0@0); Pen.fill }; w.refresh; ) :: ] @section{method} rotate Rotates subsequent drawing around the link::Classes/Point:: @racketblock[x@y:: by the amount strong::angle:: in radians [0..2pi]. ] @section{discussion} example: @racketblock[ ( w = Window.new.front; w.view.background_(Color.white); c = 0; w.drawFunc = { Pen.translate(220, 200); 10.do({ Pen.translate(0,10); Pen.fillColor = Color.hsv(c.fold(0, 1), 1, 1, 0.5); Pen.moveTo(0@0); // you have to set a starting point... Pen.lineTo(50@100); Pen.lineTo(100@100); Pen.lineTo(0@150); Pen.lineTo(-100@100); Pen.lineTo(-50@100); Pen.lineTo(0@0); Pen.fill; Pen.rotate(0.2pi); c = c + 0.1; }); }; w.refresh; ) :: ] @section{method} matrix Gets or sets the coordinate system transformation matrix. See link::#Matrix example:: for an example. @section{argument} matrixArray An array of the form @racketblock[[ zoomX, shearingY, shearingX, zoomY, translateX, translateY ]:: ] @section{method} width Sets the width of the Pen for the whole stroke @section{method} use Draw function, and then revert to the previous graphics state. This allows you to make complex transformations of the graphics state without having to explicitly revert to get back to 'normal'. @section{discussion} example: @racketblock[ ( // modified by an example of Stefan Wittwer w = Window.new.front; w.view.background_(Color.white); w.drawFunc = { //paint origin Pen.fillColor = Color.gray(0, 0.5); Pen.addArc(0@0, 20, 0, 2pi); Pen.fill; Pen.width = 10; Pen.use { // draw something complex... Pen.width = 0.5; Pen.translate(100,100); Pen.fillColor = Color.blue; Pen.addArc(0@0, 10, 0, 2pi); Pen.fill; 20.do{ Pen.moveTo(0@0); Pen.lineTo(100@0); Pen.strokeColor = Color.red(0.8, rrand(0.7, 1)); Pen.stroke; Pen.skew(0, 0.1); }; }; // now go on with all params as before // translation, skewing, width, and color modifications do not apply Pen.line(10@120, 300@120); Pen.stroke; }; w.refresh ) :: ] @section{method} path Make a path, consisting of the drawing made in function. @section{note} Unfortunately not working for now... (there's no Pen.endPath which currently is used in this method) :: @section{method} beginPath Discard any previous path. @section{method} beginTransparencyLayer Begins a new transparency layer. Transparency layers are useful when you want to apply an effect to a group of objects or create a composite graphic. See link::#Transparency layer example::. @section{method} endTransparencyLayer Ends the current transparency layer. @section{method} clip Use the previously defined path as a clipping path. @section{discussion} example: @racketblock[ ( w = Window.new.front; w.view.background_(Color.white); w.drawFunc = { // outline the clipping path Pen.moveTo(110@110); Pen.lineTo(290@110); Pen.lineTo(290@240); Pen.lineTo(110@240); Pen.lineTo(110@110); // now clip Pen.clip; // everything else we draw is now clipped Pen.fillColor = Color.yellow; Pen.fillRect(Rect(0,0,400,400)); Pen.fillColor = Color.red; Pen.moveTo(200@100); Pen.lineTo(250@200); Pen.lineTo(300@200); Pen.lineTo(200@250); Pen.lineTo(100@200); Pen.lineTo(150@200); Pen.fill; }; w.refresh; ) :: ] @section{method} smoothing Turns on/off anti-aliasing. @section{discussion} example: @racketblock[ ( var w = Window("smoothing", Rect(100, 200, 500, 300)).front; w.view.background_(Color.white); w.drawFunc = { |v| Pen.strokeColor = Color.grey(0.25); Pen.smoothing_(false); //no anti-aliasing 50.do{|i| Pen.moveTo(50@50.rrand(250)); Pen.lineTo(250@50.rrand(250)); }; Pen.stroke; Pen.smoothing_(true); //anti-aliasing (default) 50.do{|i| Pen.moveTo(250@50.rrand(250)); Pen.lineTo(450@50.rrand(250)); }; Pen.stroke; }; ) :: ] @section{method} setShadow Will fill the current path with a shadow. You should use this option between Pen.push / Pen.pop (or Pen.use) @section{method} joinStyle Set the lines joining style according to the defined options: @section{table} ## 0 || miter ## 1 || round ## 2 || bevel :: @section{method} capStyle Set the lines joining style according to the defined options: @section{table} ## 0 || butt ## 1 || round ## 2 || square :: @section{discussion} example: @racketblock[ ( w = Window.new.front; w.view.background_(Color.white); StaticText(w, Rect(0,0,180,20)) .string_(" Change Line Cap & Join Styles: "); y = PopUpMenu(w, Rect(180,0,130,20)) .items_(["Butt - Miter", "Round - Round", "Square - Bevel"]) .action_({w.refresh}); w.drawFunc = { Pen.strokeColor = Color.red; Pen.width_(8.0); Pen.capStyle_(y.value); Pen.joinStyle_(y.value); Pen.moveTo(200@100); Pen.lineTo(250@200); Pen.lineTo(300@200); Pen.lineTo(200@250); Pen.lineTo(100@200); Pen.lineTo(150@200); Pen.lineTo(200@100); Pen.stroke; }; w.refresh; ) :: ] @section{method} alpha Set the opacity level. @section{method} blendMode Set the blending mode to use. See link::#Blending modes:: for more information. @section{method} lineDash Set the line dash pattern. pattern should be a link::Classes/FloatArray:: of values that specify the lengths of the painted segments and not painted segments. @section{method} drawImage Draw a bitmap image using the Image class. @section{discussion} example: @racketblock[ w = Window.new.front; w.view.background = Color.red; i = Image.open(SCDoc.helpSourceDir +/+ "images/Swamp.png"); w.drawFunc_({ Pen.drawImage( Point(140, 140), i, operation: 'sourceOver', opacity:1); }); ] @section{examples} Simple rotating and scaling: @racketblock[ ( w = Window("Pen Rotation and Scaling", Rect(128, 64, 360, 360)); w.drawFunc = { Pen.use { // use the same rect for everything, just scale and rotate var r = Rect(0,0,200,80); Pen.fillColor = Color.black; // offset all subsequent co-ordinates Pen.translate(80,20); Pen.fillRect(r); Pen.fillColor = Color.red; // scale all subsequent co-ordinates Pen.scale(0.8, 0.8); Pen.translate(8,10); // rotate all subsequent co-ordinates Pen.rotate(0.1pi); Pen.fillRect(r); Pen.strokeColor = Color.blue; // lather, rinse, repeat Pen.scale(0.8, 0.8); Pen.rotate(0.1pi); Pen.width = 3; Pen.strokeRect(r); Pen.fillColor = Color.yellow(1,0.5); Pen.scale(0.8, 0.8); Pen.rotate(0.1pi); Pen.translate(20,-20); Pen.fillOval(r); } }; w.front; ) :: Redraw at random interval, different every time: ] @racketblock[ ( var w, run = true; w = Window("my name is... panel", Rect(128, 64, 800, 800)); w.view.background = Color.white; w.onClose = { run = false; }; w.front; w.drawFunc = { Pen.use { Pen.width = 0.2; 400.do { Pen.beginPath; Pen.moveTo(Point(10.rand * 80 + 40, 10.rand * 80 + 40)); Pen.lineTo(Point(10.rand * 80 + 40, 10.rand * 80 + 40)); Pen.stroke; }; }; }; { while { run } { w.refresh; 1.0.rand.wait } }.fork(AppClock) ) :: ] @racketblock[ ( var w, run = true; w = Window("my name is... panel", Rect(128, 64, 800, 500)); w.view.background = Color.white; w.onClose = { run = false; }; w.front; w.drawFunc = { Pen.use { Pen.width = 2; 80.do { Pen.width = rrand(0,4) + 0.5; Pen.beginPath; Pen.moveTo(Point(800.rand, 500.rand)); Pen.lineTo(Point(800.rand, 500.rand)); Pen.stroke; }; }; }; { while { run } { w.refresh; 1.0.rand.wait } }.fork(AppClock) ) :: ] @section{subsection} Animation Uses random seed to 'store' data By reseting the seed each time the same random values and shapes are generated for each 'frame' These can then be subjected to cumulative rotation, etc., by simply incrementing the phase var. @racketblock[ ( // By James McCartney var w, h = 700, v = 700, seed, run = true, phase = 0; w = Window("wedge", Rect(40, 40, h, v), false); w.view.background = Color.rand(0,0.3); w.onClose = { run = false }; // stop the thread on close w.front; // store an initial seed value for the random generator seed = Date.seed; w.drawFunc = { Pen.width = 2; Pen.use { // reset this thread's seed for a moment thisThread.randSeed = Date.seed; // now a slight chance of a new seed or background color if (0.006.coin) { seed = Date.seed; }; if (0.02.coin) { w.view.background = Color.rand(0,0.3); }; // either revert to the stored seed or set the new one thisThread.randSeed = seed; // the random values below will be the same each time if the seed has not changed // only the phase value has advanced Pen.translate(h/2, v/2); // rotate the whole image // negative random values rotate one direction, positive the other Pen.rotate(phase * 1.0.rand2); // scale the rotated y axis in a sine pattern Pen.scale(1, 0.3 * sin(phase * 1.0.rand2 + 2pi.rand) + 0.5 ); // create a random number of annular wedges rrand(6,24).do { Pen.color = Color.rand(0.0,1.0).alpha_(rrand(0.1,0.7)); Pen.beginPath; Pen.addAnnularWedge(Point(0,0), a = rrand(60,300), a + 50.rand2, 2pi.rand + (phase * 2.0.rand2), 2pi.rand); if (0.5.coin) {Pen.stroke}{Pen.fill}; }; }; }; // fork a thread to update 20 times a second, and advance the phase each time { while { run } { w.refresh; 0.05.wait; phase = phase + 0.01pi;} }.fork(AppClock) ) :: ] @racketblock[ ( var w, phase = 0, seed = Date.seed, run = true; w = Window("my name is... panel", Rect(128, 64, 800, 800)); w.view.background = Color.blue(0.4); w.onClose = { run = false; }; w.front; w.drawFunc = { Pen.use { if (0.02.coin) { seed = Date.seed; }; thisThread.randSeed = seed; Pen.strokeColor = Color.white; 200.do { var a = 4.rand; var b = 24.rand; var r1 = 230 + (50 * a); var a1 = 2pi / 24 * b + phase; var r2 = 230 + (50 * (a + 1.rand2).fold(0,3)); var a2 = 2pi / 24 * (b + (3.rand2)).wrap(0,23) + phase; Pen.width = 0.2 + 1.0.linrand; Pen.beginPath; Pen.moveTo(Polar(r1, a1).asPoint + Point(400,400)); Pen.lineTo(Polar(r2, a2).asPoint + Point(400,400)); Pen.stroke; }; thisThread.randSeed = Date.seed; 40.do { var a = 4.rand; var b = 24.rand; var r1 = 230 + (50 * a); var a1 = 2pi / 24 * b + phase; var r2 = 230 + (50 * (a + 1.rand2).fold(0,3)); var a2 = 2pi / 24 * (b + (3.rand2)).wrap(0,23) + phase; Pen.width = 0.2 + 1.5.linrand; Pen.beginPath; Pen.moveTo(Polar(r1, a1).asPoint + Point(400,400)); Pen.lineTo(Polar(r2, a2).asPoint + Point(400,400)); Pen.stroke; }; }; }; { while { run } { w.refresh; 0.1.wait; phase = phase + (2pi/(20*24)) } }.fork(AppClock) ) :: ] @racketblock[ ( var w, h = 800, v = 600, seed = Date.seed, phase = 0, zoom = 0.7, zoomf = 1, run = true; w = Window("affines", Rect(40, 40, h, v)); w.view.background = Color.blue(0.4); w.onClose = { run = false }; w.front; w.drawFunc = { thisThread.randSeed = Date.seed; if (0.0125.coin) { seed = Date.seed; phase = 0; zoom = 0.7; zoomf = exprand(1/1.01, 1.01); } { phase = phase + (2pi/80); zoom = zoom * zoomf; }; thisThread.randSeed = seed; Pen.use { var p1 = Point(20.rand2 + (h/2), 20.rand2 + (v/2)); var p2 = Point(20.rand2 + (h/2), 20.rand2 + (v/2)); var xscales = { exprand(2** -0.1, 2**0.1) } ! 2; var yscales = { exprand(2** -0.1, 2**0.1) } ! 2; var xlates = { 8.rand2 } ! 2; var ylates = { 8.rand2 } ! 2; var rots = { 2pi.rand + phase } ! 2; var xform; xscales = (xscales ++ (1/xscales)) * 1; yscales = (yscales ++ (1/yscales)) * 1; xlates = xlates ++ xlates.neg; ylates = ylates ++ xlates.neg; rots = rots ++ rots.neg; xform = {|i| [xlates[i], ylates[i], rots[i], xscales[i], yscales[i]] } ! 4; Pen.strokeColor = Color.grey(1,0.5); Pen.width = 8.linrand + 1; Pen.translate(400, 400); Pen.scale(zoom, zoom); Pen.translate(-400, -400); 1200.do { var p, rot, xlate, ylate, xscale, yscale; Pen.width = 8.linrand + 1; Pen.beginPath; #rot, xlate, ylate, xscale, yscale = xform.choose; Pen.translate(xlate, ylate); Pen.rotate(rot, h/2, v/2); Pen.scale(xscale, yscale); Pen.moveTo(p1); Pen.lineTo(p2); Pen.stroke; }; }; }; { while { run } { w.refresh; 0.05.wait; } }.fork(AppClock) ) :: ] @section{subsection} Matrix example @racketblock[ ( var controlWindow, w; var r, a, b, c, d, matrix = [1, 0, 0, 1, 10, 10]; var sliders, spex, name; w = Window.new.front; w.view.background_(Color.white); // create a controller-window controlWindow = Window("matrix controls", Rect(400,200,350,120)); controlWindow.front; // determine the rectangle to be drawn r = Rect.fromPoints(a = 0 @ 0, c = 180 @ 180); b = r.leftBottom; d = r.rightTop; // the drawFunc w.drawFunc = { Pen.strokeColor = Color.red; Pen.matrix = matrix; Pen.width = 5; Pen.strokeRect(r); Pen.strokeOval(r); Pen.color = Color.blue; Pen.width = 0.1; Pen.line(a, c); Pen.line(b, d); Pen.stroke; Pen.font = Font( "Helvetica-Bold", 12 ); Pen.stringAtPoint( "A", a - 6 ); Pen.stringAtPoint( "B", b - 6 ); Pen.stringAtPoint( "C", c - (0@6) ); Pen.stringAtPoint( "D", d - (0@6) ); Pen.font = Font( "Helvetica", 10 ); Pen.stringInRect( "a matrix test", r.moveBy( 50, 50 )); }; controlWindow.view.decorator = sliders = FlowLayout(controlWindow.view.bounds); spex = [ [0, 2.0].asSpec, [0, 2.0].asSpec, [0, 2.0].asSpec, [0, 2.0].asSpec, [0, 200.0].asSpec, [0, 200.0].asSpec ]; name = #[zoomX, shearingY, shearingX, zoomY, translateX, translateY]; 6.do { |i| EZSlider(controlWindow, 300 @ 14, name[i], spex[i], { |ez| var val; val = ez.value; [i, val.round(10e-4)].postln; matrix.put(i, val); w.refresh; // reevaluate drawFunc function }, matrix[i]); sliders.nextLine; }; w.refresh; ) :: ] @section{subsection} Transparency layer example @racketblock[ ( w = Window.new("Transparency Layer test", Rect(400,400,430,450)).front; w.drawFunc = { Color.blue.setStroke; Pen.use { Pen.setShadow(2@2, 10, Color.black); Pen.beginTransparencyLayer; Color.red.setFill; Pen.addOval(Rect(20,40,100,100)); Pen.fill; Color.green.setFill; Pen.addOval(Rect(30,70,100,100)); Pen.fill; Color.blue.setFill; Pen.addOval(Rect(60,40,100,100)); Pen.fill; "With Transparency Layer".drawCenteredIn(Rect(30, 40, 100, 100), Font.default, Color.white); Pen.endTransparencyLayer; }; Pen.use { Pen.translate(200, 0); Pen.setShadow(2@2, 10, Color.black); Color.red.setFill; Pen.addOval(Rect(20,40,100,100)); Pen.fill; Color.green.setFill; Pen.addOval(Rect(30,70,100,100)); Pen.fill; Color.blue.setFill; Pen.addOval(Rect(60,40,100,100)); Pen.fill; "Without Transparency Layer".drawCenteredIn(Rect(30, 40, 100, 100), Font.default, Color.white); }; Pen.use { Pen.translate(0, 200); Pen.setShadow(2@2, 10, Color.black); Pen.beginTransparencyLayer; Pen.push; Pen.addOval(Rect(20,40,170,170)); Pen.fillAxialGradient(w.view.bounds.leftTop, w.view.bounds.rightBottom, Color.rand, Color.rand); Pen.pop; "With Transparency Layer".drawCenteredIn(Rect(20,40,170,170), Font.default, Color.white); Pen.endTransparencyLayer; }; Pen.use { Pen.translate(200, 200); Pen.setShadow(2@2, 10, Color.black); Pen.addOval(Rect(20,40,170,170)); Pen.fillAxialGradient(w.view.bounds.leftTop, w.view.bounds.rightBottom, Color.rand, Color.rand); "Without Transparency Layer".drawCenteredIn(Rect(20,40,170,170), Font.default, Color.white); }; }; w.refresh; ) :: ] @section{subsection} Blending modes @racketblock[ /* different blend modes: macOS 10.4 and > Only -------------------- 0 - Normal 1 - Multiply 2 - Screen 3 - Overlay 4 - Darken 5 - Lighten 6 - ColorDodge 7 - ColorBurn 8 - SoftLight 9 - HardLight 10 - Difference 11 - Exclusion 12 - Hue 13 - Saturation 14 - Color 15 - Luminosity OS 10.5 and > Only -------------------- 16 - Clear 17 - Copy 18 - SourceIn 19 - SourceOut 20 - SourceATop 21 - DestinationOver 22 - DestinationIn 23 - DestinationATop 24 - XOR 25 - PlusDarker 26 - PlusLighter */ ( var blendMode=0, blendString="Normal"; w = Window.new.front; m = SCPopUpMenu(w, Rect(10, w.view.bounds.height - 30, 150, 20)); m.items = [ "0 - Normal", "1 - Multiply", "2 - Screen", "3 - Overlay", "4 - Darken", "5 - Lighten", "6 - ColorDodge", "7 - ColorBurn", "8 - SoftLight", "9 - HardLight", "10 - Difference", "11 - Exclusion", "12 - Hue", "13 - Saturation", "14 - Color", "15 - Luminosity" ]; m.action_({|view| blendMode = view.value; blendString = view.items.at(blendMode); w.refresh; }); w.drawFunc = { 80.do{|i| Pen.use { Pen.blendMode_(blendMode); Pen.color = Color.green(0.6, 0.10); Pen.addRect( Rect(20, 20, 20 + (i*4), 20 + (i*4)); ); Pen.fill; }; } }; w.refresh; ) :: ]